CERITA FANTASI ‘BOLA-BOLA WAKTU’ KARYA RAKHMA SUBARNA : KAJIAN LINGUISTIK TERAPAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v6i4.13924Abstract
This study is motivated by the critical role of grammatical reference in establishing textual cohesion and coherence, particularly within narrative literary discourses. Previous investigations have predominantly focused on categorizing reference types without examining their textual and stylistic functions in narrative construction. Therefore, this study aims to describe the types of endophoric references, including anaphoric and cataphoric forms, and to explain their functions in the fantasy story Bola-Bola Waktu by Rakhma Subarna. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method utilizing the text of Bola-Bola Waktu from the Grade VII Indonesian junior high school textbook as the primary data source. Data were collected using the non-participatory observation technique (SBLC) and analyzed via the distributional method utilizing Immediate Constituent Analysis and substitution techniques. The findings reveal that the text is predominantly governed by third-person singular pronoun references (the enclitic -nya with 22 occurrences and the pronoun ia with 17 occurrences), complemented by temporal and locational demonstrative references. These references not only establish internal grammatical cohesion but also crystallize the third-person point of view, sharpen characterization, and sustain chronological progression through personal, locational, temporal, and analogical interpretation principles. Consequently, endophoric references serve a vital stylistic function in preserving discourse unity while directing reader empathy toward the protagonist's emotional journey.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya aspek gramatikal referensi dalam membangun kohesi dan koherensi sebuah teks, khususnya pada karya sastra naratif. Berbagai penelitian sebelumnya cenderung hanya mengidentifikasi inventarisasi jenis referensi tanpa mengkaji fungsi penggunaannya secara mendalam dalam mengonstruksi struktur naratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis referensi endofora, baik anaforis maupun kataforis, serta menjelaskan fungsi penggunaannya dalam cerita fantasi Bola-Bola Waktu karya Rakhma Subarna. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa teks cerita fantasi Bola-Bola Waktu yang terdapat dalam buku Bahasa Indonesia SMP Kelas VII. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode simak dengan teknik Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL) dan teknik substitusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa referensi yang dominan digunakan ialah referensi pronomina persona ketiga tunggal (-nya sebanyak 22 kemunculan dan ia sebanyak 17 kemunculan), serta referensi demonstratif temporal dan lokasional. Fungsi referensi tersebut tidak hanya membangun kohesi gramatikal antarstruktur kalimat, tetapi juga mengukuhkan sudut pandang persona ketiga (diaan), mempertegas penokohan, serta mengatur alur maju melalui prinsip penafsiran personal, lokasional, temporal, dan analogi. Penggunaan referensi endofora terbukti berperan vital dalam menjaga keterpaduan wacana sekaligus membimbing empati pembaca terhadap pergulatan batin tokoh utama dalam teks cerita fantasi.
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