IMPLEMENTASI VIRTUAL REALITY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL: ANALISIS LITERATUR MELALUI METODE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/edutech.v5i4.7432Keywords:
Virtual Reality (VR), Pembelajaran Digital , Systematic Literature Review (SLR)Abstract
ABSTRACT
The advancement of digital technology has driven a significant transformation in education, particularly through the integration of immersive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance learning quality and effectiveness. This study aims to examine the trends, effectiveness, and challenges of VR implementation in digital learning using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA protocol. The review process involved stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and final selection of publications retrieved from the Scopus database within the 2022–2025 period, resulting in 31 relevant articles for analysis. The synthesis indicates that half of the reviewed studies employed quantitative methods focusing on VR’s impact on learner motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes, while the remainder adopted qualitative, mixed-method, and research and development (R&D) approaches. Overall, VR has been proven to enhance motivation, retention, and conceptual understanding through immersive, interactive, and collaborative learning experiences. Nevertheless, its implementation still faces several barriers, including limited infrastructure, high operational costs, and inadequate pedagogical readiness among educators. Theoretically, the findings reinforce the relevance of constructivist and experiential learning theories, whereas practically, VR holds strategic potential as an innovative learning medium to accelerate digital education transformation toward the Society 5.0 era, emphasizing adaptive and learner-centered education.
ABSTRAK
Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong transformasi besar dalam dunia pendidikan, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan teknologi imersif Virtual Reality (VR) untuk meningkatkan mutu dan efektivitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau tren, efektivitas, serta kendala penerapan VR dalam pembelajaran digital dengan menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis metode PRISMA. Proses kajian mencakup tahap identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan seleksi akhir terhadap publikasi dari basis data Scopus pada rentang tahun 2022–2025, sehingga diperoleh 31 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria analisis. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa separuh penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang berfokus pada pengaruh VR terhadap motivasi, keterlibatan, dan capaian belajar peserta didik, sedangkan sisanya mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif, campuran, serta riset dan pengembangan. Secara keseluruhan, VR terbukti memperkuat motivasi, retensi, dan pemahaman konseptual melalui pengalaman belajar yang imersif, interaktif, dan kolaboratif, meskipun penerapannya masih menghadapi keterbatasan infrastruktur, biaya tinggi, dan kesiapan pedagogis pendidik. Dari sisi teoretis, temuan penelitian mendukung relevansi teori konstruktivisme dan experiential learning, sedangkan secara praktis, VR berpotensi menjadi media inovatif yang mempercepat transformasi pendidikan digital menuju era Society 5.0 yang berorientasi pada pembelajaran adaptif dan berpusat pada peserta didik.
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