TUDUHAN NEPOTISME SEBAGAI FAKTOR PEMICU PEMBERONTAKAN TERHADAP UTSMAN BIN AFFAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/cendekia.v6i2.9335Keywords:
Utsman bin Affan, nepotisme, pemberontakan, sejarah politik Islam, Bani UmayyahAbstract
The reign of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was marked by political turmoil that culminated in rebellion, in which accusations of nepotism became a central issue that triggered the disintegration of the ummah. This study focuses on analyzing allegations of the appointment of Umayyad relatives in the government bureaucratic structure through a socio-historical perspective. Using a qualitative-historical method that includes heuristic stages, source criticism, and interpretation of classical and modern literature, this study explores the root causes of the conflict. The research findings show that Uthman's policies were actually a political strategy based on tribal solidarity (ashabiyyah) aimed at maintaining administrative stability amidst massive territorial expansion, not merely a moral deviation. However, these policies clashed with the egalitarian expectations of society and post-conquest economic inequality, thus giving rise to perceptions of injustice. The main conclusion emphasizes that accusations of nepotism are a social construction and political narrative used to delegitimize Uthman's rule, reflecting the crisis of transition from communitarian leadership to a complex state governance system.
ABSTRAK
Masa pemerintahan Khalifah Utsman bin Affan diwarnai oleh gejolak politik yang berujung pada pemberontakan, di mana tuduhan nepotisme menjadi isu sentral yang memicu disintegrasi umat. Penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian pada analisis tuduhan pengangkatan kerabat Bani Umayyah dalam struktur birokrasi pemerintahan melalui perspektif sosial-historis. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif-historis yang meliputi tahapan heuristik, kritik sumber, dan interpretasi terhadap literatur klasik maupun modern, penelitian ini menelusuri akar penyebab konflik tersebut. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Utsman sejatinya merupakan strategi politik berbasis solidaritas kesukuan (ashabiyyah) yang ditujukan untuk menjaga stabilitas administrasi di tengah ekspansi wilayah yang masif, bukan semata penyimpangan moral. Namun, kebijakan ini berbenturan dengan ekspektasi egaliter masyarakat dan ketimpangan ekonomi pasca-penaklukan, sehingga melahirkan persepsi ketidakadilan. Simpulan utama menegaskan bahwa tuduhan nepotisme merupakan konstruksi sosial dan narasi politik yang digunakan untuk mendelegitimasi kekuasaan Utsman, yang mencerminkan krisis transisi dari kepemimpinan komunitarian menuju sistem pemerintahan negara yang kompleks.
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