DUNIA MAYA YANG MENELAN NYATA: FENOMENA INTERNET GAMING DISORDER

Abstract

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a behavioral disturbance that arises from excessive online gaming, leading to significant disruptions in academic, social, emotional, and health functioning. This article aims to review IGD through a literature review by examining national and international studies related to its definition, high-risk game genres—particularly MOBA, FPS, and MMORPG—and the psychological, social, and financial impacts experienced by players. The findings indicate that IGD is influenced by internal factors such as loneliness, escapism, and low self-control, as well as external factors including maladaptive parenting patterns and peer pressure. Beyond diminishing overall quality of life, IGD also drives impulsive purchases of virtual goods, time distortion, social withdrawal, and physical health issues. Modern game mechanisms such as loot boxes, randomized rewards, and daily quests have been shown to reinforce addictive behaviors through variable reinforcement patterns. Effective interventions include self-management strategies, social support, active parental involvement, and psychological treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Overall, IGD is not merely a matter of excessive playtime but a reflection of unmet psychological needs and maladaptive coping strategies that require comprehensive intervention.

ABSTRAK

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) merupakan gangguan perilaku yang muncul akibat penggunaan game online secara berlebihan sehingga mengganggu fungsi akademik, sosial, emosional, dan kesehatan individu. Artikel ini bertujuan mengulas IGD melalui literature review dengan menelaah penelitian nasional dan internasional terkait definisi, jenis permainan pemicu kecanduan—terutama MOBA, FPS, dan MMORPG—serta dampak psikologis, sosial, dan finansial yang dialami pemain. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa IGD dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal seperti kesepian, kebutuhan eskapisme, dan rendahnya kontrol diri, serta faktor eksternal berupa pola asuh yang tidak adaptif dan tekanan teman sebaya. Selain menurunkan kualitas hidup, IGD juga mendorong perilaku konsumtif terhadap virtual goods, distorsi waktu, penarikan diri secara sosial, dan gangguan kesehatan fisik. Mekanisme permainan modern seperti loot boxes, reward acak, dan daily quests terbukti memperkuat perilaku adiktif melalui pola penguatan variabel. Intervensi yang efektif meliputi manajemen diri, dukungan sosial, peran aktif orang tua, serta terapi psikologis seperti Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Secara keseluruhan, IGD bukan hanya persoalan durasi bermain, tetapi refleksi dari kebutuhan psikologis yang tidak terpenuhi dan strategi koping maladaptif yang memerlukan penanganan komprehensif.