KEBERLANJUTAN MUSIK TONGKEQ DALAM EKOSISTEM BUDAYA ISLAM: IDENTITAS, FUNGSI SOSIAL, DAN TRANSFORMASI DI LOMBOK

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Traditional music functions not only as an aesthetic expression but also as a medium for identity, social communication, value transmission, and cultural sustainability. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Tongkeq’s musical form and presentation, its socio-religious functions, and the factors supporting its sustainability in Pancor Village, Selong District, East Lombok Regency. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on Tongkeq as a cultural practice within the Sasak-Muslim community. Data were collected through observation, interviews with historical actors, artists, community leaders, and religious figures, as well as document and literature studies. Data were analyzed thematically through theme development and cross-source verification. The findings show that Tongkeq has transformed from a medium of communication and prayer-time signaling into a Ramadan sahur tradition and subsequently expanded into festivals, religious celebrations, nyongkolan, social activities, education, and performances. The transformation encompasses instruments, repertoire, playing techniques, and presentation, while its musical characteristics, including pautan lime, three registers, and petok-petok, beguleng, and nganakin techniques, remain preserved. Its sustainability is supported by cultural identity, religious legitimacy, regeneration, education, creativity, and material knowledge. These findings confirm that Tongkeq endures through community-based adaptation that connects cultural continuity with innovation.

ABSTRAK

Musik tradisional tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai ekspresi estetis, tetapi juga sebagai medium identitas, komunikasi sosial, pewarisan nilai, dan keberlanjutan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis transformasi bentuk penyajian dan musikal, fungsi sosial-keagamaan, serta faktor yang mendukung keberlanjutan musik Tongkeq di Kelurahan Pancor, Kecamatan Selong, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan Tongkeq sebagai praktik budaya masyarakat Sasak-Muslim. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dengan pelaku sejarah, seniman, tokoh masyarakat, dan tokoh agama, serta studi dokumen dan kepustakaan. Data dianalisis secara tematik melalui pengelompokan tema dan pemeriksaan silang antarsumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tongkeq mengalami transformasi dari media komunikasi dan penanda waktu salat menjadi tradisi sahur Ramadan, kemudian berkembang ke festival, perayaan keagamaan, nyongkolan, kegiatan sosial, pendidikan, dan pertunjukan. Transformasi mencakup instrumen, repertoar, teknik permainan, dan penyajian, sementara karakter musikal pautan lime, tiga register, serta teknik petok-petok, beguleng, dan nganakin tetap dipertahankan. Keberlanjutannya ditopang identitas budaya, legitimasi religius, regenerasi, pendidikan, kreativitas, dan pengetahuan material. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa Tongkeq bertahan melalui adaptasi berbasis komunitas yang menghubungkan kontinuitas tradisi dengan inovasi budaya.