PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN INKUIRI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS MELALUI KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51878/academia.v5i4.14985Keywords:
Problem Based Learning, Inkuiri, Kemandirian Belajar, Berpikir Kritis MatematisAbstract
ABSTRACT
Students’ mathematical critical thinking skills in Indonesia remain relatively low. This study aimed to analyze the influence of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Inquiry learning models on students’ mathematical critical thinking skills, with learning independence examined as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed, and the data were analyzed using path analysis. The sample consisted of 46 fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 1 Sambelia, divided into two groups: PBL (n = 23) and Inquiry (n = 23). The research instruments comprised a mathematical critical thinking skills test and a learning independence questionnaire. The results showed that the learning models and learning independence jointly contributed significantly to students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. PBL showed a significant individual contribution, while the contribution of Inquiry was associated with students’ learning independence. Learning independence also made a significant contribution to mathematical critical thinking skills in the PBL group. These findings indicate that the effectiveness of PBL and Inquiry in supporting mathematical critical thinking is associated with students’ level of learning independence. Therefore, learning activities should incorporate systematic support for the development of students’ learning independence alongside the implementation of innovative learning models.
ABSTRAK
Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis merupakan salah satu kompetensi penting dalam pembelajaran matematika karena berkaitan dengan kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan menyelesaikan masalah secara logis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan dan pengaruh penerapan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Inkuiri terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dengan mempertimbangkan kemandirian belajar siswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain quasi-experimental. Sampel terdiri atas 46 siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Sambelia yang terbagi dalam kelompok PBL (n=23) dan kelompok Inkuiri (n=23). Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan angket kemandirian belajar, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji prasyarat, dan analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran dan kemandirian belajar secara bersama-sama berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Penerapan PBL menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis, sedangkan pengaruh model Inkuiri perlu dipahami dengan mempertimbangkan kemandirian belajar siswa. Kemandirian belajar juga menunjukkan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis, terutama pada kelompok PBL. Namun, perbedaan pengaruh langsung antara PBL dan Inkuiri tidak menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan setelah kemandirian belajar diperhitungkan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan PBL dan Inkuiri sama-sama berpotensi mendukung pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis, sementara kemandirian belajar merupakan aspek yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pelaksanaan kedua model pembelajaran tersebut.
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