PENGARUH GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP OPTIMALISASI RETENSI MEMORI SISWA PADA MATERI PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS TINGGI SEKOLAH DASAR: STUDI LITERATUR

Authors

  • Madina Madina Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mulawarman
  • Makmun Makmun Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mulawarman
  • Tri Wahyuningsih Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mulawarman
  • Taufik Hidayat Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Mulawarman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51878/academia.v6i3.11813

Keywords:

Gaya Belajar, Retensi Memori, Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

Memory retention is an important factor influencing the learning success of upper elementary school students, as it relates to their ability to store and recall information that has been learned. In classroom practice, teachers often apply uniform instructional approaches that do not fully accommodate the diversity of students’ learning styles. This condition may hinder the effective transfer of information into long-term memory. This study aims to identify the characteristics of learning styles among upper elementary school students, examine the mechanisms of memory retention, analyze the influence of learning styles on memory retention, and identify effective instructional strategies for optimizing students’ memory retention. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the PRISMA protocol. Literature searches were conducted across eight academic databases covering publications from 2021 to 2025. Of the 487 articles initially identified, 62 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using content analysis and thematic synthesis techniques. The findings indicate that the most widely used learning style models are VAK/VARK and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model, with multimodal learning preferences being the most dominant among students. Memory retention is influenced by the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval, while instructional effectiveness is affected by the alignment between teaching strategies and students’ learning characteristics. Retrieval practice, spaced practice, multimodal learning, and differentiated instruction were found to be the most effective strategies for enhancing memory retention. The study concludes that optimizing memory retention depends not only on students’ learning styles but also on teachers’ ability to design adaptive, varied, and student-centered learning experiences.

ABSTRAK

Retensi memori merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang memengaruhi keberhasilan belajar siswa kelas tinggi sekolah dasar karena berkaitan dengan kemampuan menyimpan dan mengingat kembali informasi yang telah dipelajari. Dalam praktik pembelajaran, guru masih sering menggunakan pendekatan yang seragam sehingga belum sepenuhnya mengakomodasi keragaman gaya belajar siswa. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menyebabkan informasi tidak tersimpan secara optimal dalam memori jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik gaya belajar siswa kelas tinggi sekolah dasar, mengkaji mekanisme retensi memori, menganalisis pengaruh gaya belajar terhadap retensi memori, serta mengidentifikasi strategi pembelajaran yang efektif untuk mengoptimalkan retensi memori siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada protokol PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada delapan basis data akademik dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2021–2025. Dari 487 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 62 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analysis dan thematic synthesis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model gaya belajar yang paling banyak digunakan adalah VAK/VARK dan Experiential Learning Kolb, dengan kecenderungan dominasi gaya belajar multimodal. Retensi memori dipengaruhi oleh proses encoding, storage, dan retrieval, sedangkan efektivitas pembelajaran dipengaruhi oleh kesesuaian strategi pembelajaran dengan karakteristik belajar siswa. Strategi retrieval practice, spaced practice, pembelajaran multimodal, dan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan retensi memori. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi retensi memori tidak hanya ditentukan oleh gaya belajar siswa, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan guru dalam merancang pembelajaran yang adaptif, variatif, dan berpusat pada kebutuhan belajar siswa.

 

 

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Published

2026-07-18

How to Cite

Madina, M., Makmun, M., Wahyuningsih, T., & Hidayat, T. (2026). PENGARUH GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP OPTIMALISASI RETENSI MEMORI SISWA PADA MATERI PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS TINGGI SEKOLAH DASAR: STUDI LITERATUR. ACADEMIA: Jurnal Inovasi Riset Akademik, 6(3), 1829–1840. https://doi.org/10.51878/academia.v6i3.11813

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