PENERAPAN TEKNIK TOKEN EKONOMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU ON-TASK PADA ANAK DENGAN PENCAPAIAN AKADEMIK RENDAH

Wenny Aidina; Syifa Salsabila

doi:10.51878/paedagogy.v5i2.6087

Authors

Wenny Aidina Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Syifa Salsabila Ritz Consultant

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v5i2.6087

Keywords:

Token Ekonomi, Perilaku On-Task, Pencapaian Akademik Rendah

Abstract

ABSTRACT

On-task behavior is essential for children's academic success, as it promotes engagement and task completion within a specified time. Daily training of on-task behavior builds discipline, which contributes significantly to academic achievement. This study aimed to enhance on-task behavior in a child with low academic performance using the token economy technique. The participant was a 9-year-4-month-old girl who often avoided academic tasks, especially during home study sessions. A single case A-B design with a follow-up phase was used in this quantitative study. The intervention consisted of 11 sessions, each lasting one hour, with gradually increasing targets in both task quantity and accuracy. The token economy served as a positive reinforcement strategy—participants received star-shaped tokens upon achieving session targets, which were later exchanged for preferred rewards. Baseline data indicated the participant completed only 44.3% of tasks accurately within one hour. After the implementation of the program, there was a significant increase in the intensity of task completion to 100%, even with a shorter processing time. This result also consistently occurred during the follow-up session, which was two weeks after the intervention. The effect of this study made participants able to demonstrate on-task behavior during the learning process.

ABSTRAK

Perilaku on-task memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan akademik anak, karena perilaku ini mendorong keterlibatan dan penyelesaian tugas dalam waktu yang ditentukan. Adanya perilaku on-task yang dilatih setiap harinya menjadikan anak disiplin, yang berkontribusi signifikan terhadap prestasi akademis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan intensitas perilaku on-task pada anak dengan pencapaian akademik rendah melalui teknik token ekonomi. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang anak perempuan berusia 9 tahun 4 bulan yang menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk menghindari tugas akademik, terutama saat belajar di rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain single case A-B with follow-up design dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Intervensi dilakukan selama 11 sesi, yang berdurasi satu jam, dengan target bertahap untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan akurasi soal yang diselesaikan. Teknik token ekonomi digunakan sebagai strategi penguatan positif, di mana anak memperoleh token (stiker bintang) ketika mencapai target perilaku, yang kemudian dapat ditukar dengan berbagai hadiah (backup reinforcers). Data baseline menunjukkan bahwa partisipan hanya mampu menyelesaikan 44,3% soal dengan benar dalam satu jam. Setelah penerapan program, terjadi peningkatan signifikan dalam intensitas penyelesaian tugas hingga mencapai 100%, bahkan dengan waktu pengerjaan yang lebih singkat. Hasil ini juga konsisten terjadi saat sesi follow-up yaitu dua minggu setelah intervensi. Efek dari penelitian ini membuat partisipan dapat menunjukkan perilaku on task saat proses pembelajaran.

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