TRANSFORMASI DAN DINAMIKA IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL: EKSPLORASI TEORETIS DAN EMPIRIS MENUJU EKOSISTEM PEMBELAJARAN BERKEADILAN

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the transformation of education policy implementation models in Indonesia in response to global disruption and the domestic learning crisis. The main focus of the study includes the dynamics of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, the Zoning System for New Student Admissions (PPDB), and the digitalization of education. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, analyzing policy documents, international agency reports, and related scientific literature for the 2019-2024 period. The results show a paradigm shift from a top-down model to a hybrid model that combines national standards with the autonomy of educational units. The research findings indicate that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum has begun to encourage the implementation of the Deep Learning approach, but is still hampered by teacher capacity constraints and permit inertia. Meanwhile, the Zoning policy, although effective in increasing student heterogeneity, still faces challenges of cultural resistance and infrastructure disparities. This study concludes that the success of educational transformation is highly dependent on strategies to close the implementation gap through the development of diverse capacities and adaptive instructional leadership.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi model implementasi kebijakan pendidikan di Indonesia dalam merespons disrupsi global dan krisis pembelajaran domestik. Fokus utama kajian meliputi dinamika implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka, Sistem Zonasi Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB), dan digitalisasi pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan (library research), menganalisis dokumen kebijakan, laporan lembaga internasional, dan literatur ilmiah terkait periode 2019-2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pergeseran paradigma dari model Top-Down menuju model Hybrid yang mengombinasikan standar nasional dengan otonomi satuan pendidikan. Temuan studi mengindikasikan bahwa implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka mulai mendorong adopsi pendekatan Deep Learning, namun masih terkendala oleh kesenjangan kapasitas guru dan inersia birokrasi. Sementara itu, kebijakan Zonasi, meskipun efektif meningkatkan heterogenitas siswa, masih menghadapi tantangan resistensi kultural dan disparitas infrastruktur. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan transformasi pendidikan sangat bergantung pada strategi penutupan jurang implementasi (policy implementation gap) melalui differentiated capacity building dan kepemimpinan instruksional yang adaptif.