PSIKIATRI SPIRITUAL DAN RELIGI DALAM KONTEKS BEBAINAN: STUDI KASUS DI BALI TENTANG KERASUKAN DAN PENYEMBUHAN

Authors

  • COKORDA BAGUS JAYA LESMANA Departemen Psikiatri, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
  • I KETUT ARYA SANTOSA Departemen Psikiatri, Rumah Sakit Jiwa Provinsi Bali
  • I KOMANG ANA MAHARDIKA Program Studi Spesialis Kedokteran Jiwa, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
  • RINI TRISNOWATI Program Studi Spesialis Kedokteran Jiwa, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v3i2.3436

Keywords:

Bebainan, Psikiatri Spiritual, Praktek Penyembuhan Bali, Gangguan Disosiatif

Abstract

Bebainan, a spiritual phenomenon unique to Bali, reflects the deep interconnection between mental health, religious beliefs, and supernatural perceptions in Balinese culture. Considered a form of spirit possession, bebainan is attributed to a bebai, a malevolent spirit invoked to harm an individual. This condition, marked by physical discomfort, altered consciousness, and uncharacteristic behaviors, is understood not as a medical disorder but as a spiritual affliction requiring intervention by traditional healers, or balian. This review explores bebainan within the context of spiritual and religious psychiatry, examining its symptoms, interpretation, and treatment through ritualistic healing methods. By comparing traditional Balinese approaches to Western psychiatric interpretations—where bebainan shares similarities with dissociative and possession-form disorders—this article underscores the importance of culturally sensitive psychiatric care. It argues that psychiatric frameworks should respect and incorporate religious practices, particularly for conditions perceived as spiritually influenced. Through analyzing case studies and healer perspectives, this review highlights bebainan as both a spiritual and mental health condition, suggesting that integrating psychiatric and spiritual care may offer more effective support for individuals with culture-bound syndromes. Such an approach encourages collaboration between mental health professionals and spiritual practitioners, offering a holistic model of care that honors cultural and spiritual beliefs while providing appropriate psychiatric support. This integration supports a more inclusive view of mental health that accommodates diverse belief systems, ultimately contributing to more empathetic and effective care.

ABSTRAK
Bebainan, sebuah fenomena spiritual unik di Bali, mencerminkan keterkaitan yang mendalam antara kesehatan mental, keyakinan agama, dan persepsi supernatural dalam budaya Bali. Dianggap sebagai bentuk kerasukan roh, bebainan dikaitkan dengan bebai, roh jahat yang digunakan untuk menyakiti seseorang. Kondisi ini, yang ditandai dengan ketidaknyamanan fisik, perubahan kesadaran, dan perilaku yang tidak seperti biasanya, dipahami bukan sebagai kelainan medis tetapi sebagai penderitaan spiritual yang memerlukan intervensi oleh tabib tradisional, atau balian. Ulasan ini mengeksplorasi bebainan dalam konteks psikiatri spiritual dan religius, mengkaji gejala, interpretasi, dan pengobatannya melalui metode penyembuhan ritual. Dengan membandingkan pendekatan tradisional Bali dengan penafsiran psikiatrik Barat—di mana bebainan memiliki kesamaan dengan gangguan disosiatif dan kerasukan—artikel ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya perawatan psikiatri yang sensitif secara budaya. Argumennya adalah bahwa kerangka kerja psikiatris harus menghormati dan menggabungkan praktik keagamaan, khususnya untuk kondisi yang dianggap dipengaruhi secara spiritual. Melalui analisis studi kasus dan perspektif penyembuh, tinjauan ini menyoroti bebainan sebagai kondisi kesehatan spiritual dan mental, menunjukkan bahwa mengintegrasikan perawatan psikiatris dan spiritual dapat memberikan dukungan yang lebih efektif bagi individu dengan sindrom terikat budaya. Pendekatan seperti ini mendorong kolaborasi antara profesional kesehatan mental dan praktisi spiritual, menawarkan model perawatan holistik yang menghormati keyakinan budaya dan spiritual sekaligus memberikan dukungan psikiatris yang sesuai. Integrasi ini mendukung pandangan yang lebih inklusif mengenai kesehatan mental yang mengakomodasi beragam sistem kepercayaan, yang pada akhirnya berkontribusi terhadap perawatan yang lebih berempati dan efektif.

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Published

2024-11-07

How to Cite

LESMANA, C. B. J. ., SANTOSA, I. K. A. ., MAHARDIKA, I. K. A. ., & TRISNOWATI, R. . (2024). PSIKIATRI SPIRITUAL DAN RELIGI DALAM KONTEKS BEBAINAN: STUDI KASUS DI BALI TENTANG KERASUKAN DAN PENYEMBUHAN. HEALTHY : Jurnal Inovasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan, 3(2), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.51878/healthy.v3i2.3436

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